Intellectual property law

Patents are conceived as tools to encourage technological innovation and drive technical progress, which in turn is seen as a source of economic and social advancement. Inventors are incentivized to innovate and patent their creations because they are granted exclusivity for a specified period, allowing them to recoup research and development expenses. A patent grants […]

A trademark is the recognition element of a service or a product. It presents a dual interest, namely to protect consumers who are familiar with the quality of the purchased product or service and to protect companies against competitors who might try to imitate them. The trademark must be represented in a way that allows […]

Contrary to the myth of the author and inventor until the 18th century, who was imagined as creating alone in a stroke of genius, intellectual creation (whether artistic or technical) is increasingly the result of group work and notably orders placed with employees. Contrary to what many believe, employees often have rights to their creations, […]

Internet was born from the ARPANET project, led by the United States Department of Defense, which aimed to develop a system to maintain communications in the event of a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. The idea was to create a decentralized network to compensate for the potential destruction of a part of the internet […]

A non-fungible token (or non-fungible token) is a token registered on a block chain associated with a “smart contract” (intelligent contract) which returns a file to a digital file. However, it is not a token within the meaning of the Monetary and Financial Code, nor a work of art within the meaning of the Intellectual […]

A natural person can be identified through their data: • Directly: the natural person will be identified by his surname, first name, address, etc.; • Indirectly: the natural person will be identified in particular by his telephone number, his license plate, his postal or email address (unless the email address contains the surnames and first […]

The trademark is one of the distinctive signs of a company and therefore allows to distinguish the company from its competitors and facilitates the recognition of its products by consumers. As such, it represents a central asset of a company’s development strategy and constitutes an element of its valuation. A company has several reasons for […]

Freedom of expression is protected by article 11 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 as well as by article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (i). Freedom of expression is not unlimited and is framed by article 4 of the Declaration of […]

In terms of taxation, intellectual property benefits from a generally favorable regime. In terms of brand, a brand created internally and subject to corporate or income tax of 10% in the event of transfer. If the brand has been acquired, the rate will be 10% unless the brand is transferred beyond a period of 16 […]